8-1, 9-1, 9-2 Study Guide

Please be prepared for the following terms, people, places, and themes:

• Terms
• dowry, Greek fire, patriarchs, icons, iconoclasts, iconoclastic controversy, heresy, excommunication, mosaics, Hagia Sophia, hijrah, Qur'an, jihad, mosques, caliph, Jabal Tariq, imams, caliphates, dower, sultan, millets
• People
• Justinian, Theodora, Cyril and Methodius, Ottoman Turks, bedouin, Muhammad, Abu Bakr, Berbers, Moors, Al-Razi, Janissaries
• Places
• Constantinople, Bosporus, Arabia, Jidda, Mecca, Al-Madinah, Baghdad, Cairo, Córdoba, Toledo, Seville
• Themes
• 8-1: The Byzantine Empire
• Discuss the great contributions made by Justinian.
• Identify the strengths of the Byzantine Empire.
• Identify the factors that led to the decline of the Byzantine Empire.
• 9-1: The Rise and Spread of Islam
• Summarize the central beliefs of Islam.
• Explain why Islam spread so quickly.
• Describe ideological differences that developed within the Muslim community.
• 9-2: Islamic Civilization
• Describe contributions that Arab Muslim culture made to the arts and sciences.
• Specify ways that Muslim culture spread to Europe.
• Contrast the rules of the Turks and the Arabs.